ÅÝÄÓÃÑÓ³ÙÄý½º´ß»¯¼ÁµÄÊг¡ÐèÇóÓë¼¼Êõ´´ÐÂÇ÷ÊÆ·ÖÎö
ÅÝÄÓÃÑÓ³ÙÄý½º´ß»¯¼ÁµÄÊг¡ÐèÇóÓë¼¼Êõ´´ÐÂÇ÷ÊÆ·ÖÎö
˵µ½ÅÝÄ£¬´ó¼ÒµÄµÚÒ»·´Ó¦¿ÉÄÜÊÇÈíÃàÃàµÄɳ·¢µæ¡¢Æû³µ×ùÒΡ¢±£Î²ÄÁÏ£¬»òÕßÊÇÄãСʱºòÍæ¹ýµÄ·ÊÔíÅÝÅÝ¡£µ«Äã¿ÉÄܲ»ÖªµÀ£¬ÕâЩ¿´ËÆÇáÈáµÄ²ÄÁϱ³ºó£¬²Ø×Åһß߿Ƽ¼µÄ»¯Ñ§¹¤ÒÕ¡ª¡ª¾Û°±õ¥·¢Åݼ¼Êõ¡£¶øÔÚÕâÏî¼¼ÊõÖУ¬ÓÐÒ»ÖÖ¡°Ä»ºóÓ¢ÐÛ¡±ÕýÔÚÇÄÇĵظıäÕû¸öÐÐÒµ£¬Ëü¾ÍÊÇ¡ª¡ªÑÓ³ÙÄý½º´ß»¯¼Á¡£
Ò»¡¢Ê²Ã´ÊÇÑÓ³ÙÄý½º´ß»¯¼Á£¿
ÑÓ³ÙÄý½º´ß»¯¼Á£¬¹ËÃû˼Ò壬¾ÍÊÇÒ»ÖÖÄÜÔÚ¾Û°±õ¥·¢Åݹý³ÌÖС°°´±ø²»¶¯¡±£¬µÈʱ»ú³ÉÊì²Å¡°³öÊÖ¡±µÄ´ß»¯¼Á¡£ËüµÄÖ÷ÒªÈÎÎñÊÇ¿ØÖÆ·¢ÅÝ·´Ó¦ÖÐÄý½º·´Ó¦£¨¼´²ÄÁÏ´ÓҺ̬±ä³É¹Ì̬µÄ¹ý³Ì£©µÄ·¢Éúʱ¼ä£¬Ê¹µÃ·¢Åݹý³Ì¸ü¼Ó¿É¿Ø£¬´Ó¶ø»ñµÃ¸üÀíÏëµÄÅÝĽṹ¡£
1.1 »ù±¾ÔÀí
¾Û°±õ¥ÅÝĵÄÐγÉÊÇÒ»¸ö¸´ÔӵĻ¯Ñ§¹ý³Ì£¬Ö÷Òª°üÀ¨Á½¸ö·´Ó¦£º
- ·¢ÅÝ·´Ó¦£ºÓÉË®Óë¶àÔª´¼ºÍÒìÇèËáõ¥·´Ó¦Éú³É¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼£¬²úÉúÆøÌ壬ÐÎ³ÉÆøÅÝ¡£
- Äý½º·´Ó¦£º¶àÔª´¼ÓëÒìÇèËáõ¥Ö®¼äµÄ·´Ó¦£¬Ê¹²ÄÁÏ´ÓҺ̬Ö𽥹̻¯¡£
Èç¹ûÕâÁ½¸ö·´Ó¦Í¬Ê±·¢Éú£¬ÅÝĽṹ¾Í»á±äµÃ²»¾ùÔÈ£¬ÉõÖÁ¡°ËúÏÝ¡±¡£ÑÓ³ÙÄý½º´ß»¯¼ÁµÄ×÷Ó㬾ÍÊÇÈÃÄý½º·´Ó¦ÉÔ΢¡°Ííµã¡±£¬¸ø·¢ÅÝ·´Ó¦Áô³ö×ã¹»µÄʱ¼ä£¬´Ó¶øÐγɾùÔÈ¡¢Ï¸Ä塢ǿ¶ÈÊÊÖеÄÅÝĽṹ¡£
¶þ¡¢Êг¡ÐèÇó£ºÅÝÄÐÐÒµÅ·¢Õ¹´ßÉú´ß»¯¼ÁÐÂÐèÇó
½üÄêÀ´£¬Ëæ×ލÖþ½ÚÄÜ¡¢Æû³µÇáÁ¿»¯¡¢¼Òµç±£ÎµÈÐÐÒµµÄ¿ìËÙ·¢Õ¹£¬¾Û°±õ¥ÅÝIJÄÁϵÄÐèÇó³ÊÏÖ±¬·¢Ê½Ôö³¤¡£¸ù¾ÝÖйú¾Û°±õ¥¹¤ÒµÐ»áµÄͳ¼Æ£¬2023ÄêÖйú¾Û°±õ¥ÅÝIJúÁ¿ÒÑÍ»ÆÆ500Íò¶Ö£¬Äê¾ùÔö³¤Âʱ£³ÖÔÚ8%ÒÔÉÏ¡£
2.1 ²»Í¬ÐÐÒµ¶Ô´ß»¯¼ÁµÄÐèÇó²îÒì
| ÐÐÒµ | ¶ÔÅÝÄÐÔÄÜÒªÇó | ¶Ô´ß»¯¼ÁµÄÒªÇó |
|---|---|---|
| ½¨Öþ±£Î | ¸ß±£ÎÂÐÔ¡¢×èȼÐÔ | ´ß»¯¼ÁÐèÓÐÁ¼ºÃµÄÑÓ³ÙЧ¹û£¬±ÜÃâ±íÃæ½áƤ |
| Æû³µ×ùÒÎ | ÊæÊÊÐÔ¡¢»Øµ¯ÐÔ | ´ß»¯¼ÁÐèÔÚÖеÍÎÂϾßÓпɿØÐÔ |
| ¼Òµç±£Î | µÍµ¼ÈÈÐÔ¡¢³ß´çÎȶ¨ÐÔ | ´ß»¯¼ÁÐèÊÊÓ¦Á¬ÐøÉú²úÏß¹¤ÒÕ |
| °ü×°»º³å²ÄÁÏ | ¸ßÇ¿¶È¡¢µÍÃÜ¶È | ´ß»¯¼ÁÐèÌṩ¿ìËÙÍÑÄ£ÐÔÄÜ |
´Ó±í¸ñ¿ÉÒÔ¿´³ö£¬²»Í¬Ó¦Óó¡¾°¶Ô´ß»¯¼ÁÐÔÄܵÄÐèÇó²îÒ켫´ó£¬ÕâÒ²´ÙʹÑÓ³ÙÄý½º´ß»¯¼ÁÏò¶à¹¦ÄÜ¡¢¶¨ÖÆ»¯·½Ïò·¢Õ¹¡£
Èý¡¢¼¼Êõ´´ÐÂÇ÷ÊÆ£º´Ó¡°ÂýÒ»µã¡±µ½¡°ÖÇÄÜ¿ØÊ±¡±
ÑÓ³ÙÄý½º´ß»¯¼ÁµÄ¼¼Êõ·¢Õ¹£¬¿ÉÒÔ¿´×÷ÊÇ¡°´ÓÂýÒ»µã£¬µ½ÂýµÃ¸Õ¸ÕºÃ¡±µÄ½ø»¯Ê·¡£
3.1 ´«Í³´ß»¯¼ÁµÄ¾ÖÏÞÐÔ
ÔçÆÚʹÓõĴ߻¯¼Á£¬Èç¶þÔ¹ðËá¶þ¶¡»ùÎý£¨dbtdl£©£¬ËäÈ»´ß»¯Ð§Âʸߣ¬µ«È±·¦ÑÓ³ÙÐÔ£¬ÈÝÒ×Ôì³ÉÅÝÄ¡°Ìáǰ¹Ì»¯¡±£¬µ¼ÖÂÄÚ²¿½á¹¹²»¾ùÔÈ¡£ºóÀ´£¬ÈËÃdz¢ÊÔʹÓÃһЩÈõ¼îÐÔÊå°·Àà´ß»¯¼Á£¬Èçdabco¡¢tedaµÈ£¬ËäÈ»ÓÐÒ»¶¨µÄÑÓ³ÙЧ¹û£¬µ«ÔÚ¸ßλò¸ßʪ»·¾³Ï±íÏÖ²»Îȶ¨¡£
3.2 ÐÂÐÍÑÓ³ÙÄý½º´ß»¯¼ÁµÄ·¢Õ¹·½Ïò
£¨1£©·Ö×ӽṹÓÅ»¯
ͨ¹ýÒýÈ볤Á´Íé»ù¡¢ÃѼüµÈ½á¹¹£¬½µµÍ´ß»¯¼ÁµÄ³õʼ»îÐÔ£¬Ê¹ÆäÔÚ·´Ó¦³õÆÚ¡°³Á˯¡±£¬µÈµ½Î¶ÈÉý¸ß»òphÖµ±ä»¯Ê±ÔÙ¡°ÐÑÀ´¡±¡£
£¨2£©Î¿ØÐÍ´ß»¯¼Á
ÕâÀà´ß»¯¼Á¶ÔζÈÃô¸Ð£¬ÔÚµÍÎÂϼ¸ºõ²»·´Ó¦£¬Î¶ÈÉý¸ßºóѸËÙ¼¤»î¡£ÌرðÊÊÓÃÓÚ¶¬¼¾Ê©¹¤»òµÍη¢Åݹ¤ÒÕ¡£
£¨3£©phÏìÓ¦ÐÍ´ß»¯¼Á
ÀûÓÃÅÝÄÌåϵÖÐphÖµµÄ±ä»¯À´¿ØÖÆ´ß»¯¼Á»îÐÔ£¬ÊµÏÖ¸ü¾«×¼µÄÑÓ³ÙЧ¹û¡£

£¨3£©phÏìÓ¦ÐÍ´ß»¯¼Á
ÀûÓÃÅÝÄÌåϵÖÐphÖµµÄ±ä»¯À´¿ØÖÆ´ß»¯¼Á»îÐÔ£¬ÊµÏÖ¸ü¾«×¼µÄÑÓ³ÙЧ¹û¡£
£¨4£©¸´ºÏÐÍ´ß»¯¼ÁÌåϵ
½«ÑÓ³Ù´ß»¯¼ÁÓë³£¹æ´ß»¯¼Á°´±ÈÀý¸´Å䣬¼ÈÄܱ£Ö¤·¢ÅÝЧÂÊ£¬ÓÖÄÜʵÏÖÑÓ³ÙÄý½º£¬ÌáÉýÅÝÄÕûÌåÐÔÄÜ¡£
ËÄ¡¢²úÆ·²ÎÊý¶Ô±È£ºÊг¡Ö÷Á÷´ß»¯¼ÁÒ»ÀÀ
ÏÂÃæÊÇһЩÊг¡ÉÏÖ÷Á÷ÑÓ³ÙÄý½º´ß»¯¼ÁµÄÐÔÄܲÎÊý¶Ô±È±í£¬¹©²Î¿¼£º
| ´ß»¯¼ÁÃû³Æ | ÀàÐÍ | ÑÓ³Ùʱ¼ä£¨s£© | ¹Ì»¯Ê±¼ä£¨s£© | ÊÊÓÃζȷ¶Î§£¨¡æ£© | ÌØµã˵Ã÷ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dabco tmr-2 | Êå°·Àà | 60-90 | 200-250 | 20-40 | ÑÓ³ÙЧ¹ûÃ÷ÏÔ£¬ÊʺϽ¨Öþ±£Î |
| polycat 46 | ½ðÊôÂçºÏÎï | 80-120 | 220-300 | 30-50 | ÈÈÎȶ¨ÐԺã¬ÊÊºÏÆû³µÅÝÄ |
| tegoamin x-10 | °±»ù¹èÍéÀà | 50-80 | 180-240 | 15-35 | ±íÃæ»îÐԵͣ¬¼õÉÙÆøÅÝÆÆÁÑ |
| niax catalyst a-1 | Êå°·Àà | 40-70 | 160-200 | 25-45 | ³É±¾µÍ£¬ÊÊºÏÆÕͨÅÝÄÓ¦Óà |
| orgacat 85 | ÓлúîéÀà | 90-150 | 250-350 | 20-50 | »·±£ÎÞ¶¾£¬·ûºÏrohs±ê×¼ |
´Ó±íÖпÉÒÔ¿´³ö£¬²»Í¬´ß»¯¼ÁÔÚÑÓ³Ùʱ¼ä¡¢¹Ì»¯ËٶȺÍÊÊÓÃζÈÉϸ÷ÓÐǧÇÓû§Ðè¸ù¾Ý¾ßÌ幤ÒպͲúÆ·ÒªÇó½øÐÐÑ¡Ôñ¡£
Îå¡¢»·±£Ó밲ȫ£º´ß»¯¼ÁµÄ¡°ÂÌÉ«¸ïÃü¡±
Ëæ×ÅÈ«Çò»·±£·¨¹æÈÕÒæÑϸñ£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇÅ·ÃËreach·¨¹æºÍÖйúµÄ¡°Ë«Ì¼¡±Õ½ÂÔ£¬´«Í³º¬Îý¡¢Ç¦µÈÖØ½ðÊôµÄ´ß»¯¼ÁÖð½¥±»ÌÔÌ¡£È¡¶ø´úÖ®µÄÊÇÓлúîé¡¢Óлúп¡¢ÓлúÂÁµÈÐÂÐÍ»·±£´ß»¯¼Á¡£
ÕâЩÐÂÐÍ´ß»¯¼Á²»½ö¶¾ÐԵͣ¬¶øÇÒ¶ÔÉ豸¸¯Ê´ÐÔС£¬²Ù×÷¸ü°²È«¡£ÀýÈ磬orgacatϵÁд߻¯¼ÁÒѾ¹ã·ºÓ¦ÓÃÓÚ¸ß¶ËÆû³µÄÚÊκÍÒ½ÁÆÉ豸ÅÝÄÖС£
´ËÍ⣬һЩÆóÒµ»¹¿ªÊ¼³¢ÊÔÉúÎï»ù´ß»¯¼ÁµÄÑз¢£¬±ÈÈçÒÔÖ²ÎïÌáÈ¡ÎïΪ»ù´¡µÄ´ß»¯¼Á£¬ËäȻĿǰÐÔÄÜÉв»Îȶ¨£¬µ«´ú±íÁËδÀ´ÂÌÉ«»¯Ñ§µÄ·¢Õ¹·½Ïò¡£
Áù¡¢Î´À´Õ¹Íû£º´ß»¯¼Á½«×ßÏò¡°ÖÇÄÜ»¯¡±Óë¡°¶¨ÖÆ»¯¡±
δÀ´£¬ÑÓ³ÙÄý½º´ß»¯¼ÁµÄ·¢Õ¹½«³ÊÏÖÒÔϼ¸¸öÇ÷ÊÆ£º
- ÖÇÄÜ»¯ÏìÓ¦£ºÄܸù¾Ýζȡ¢Êª¶È¡¢phÖµµÈ»·¾³±ä»¯×Ô¶¯µ÷½Ú´ß»¯»îÐÔ¡£
- ¶à¹¦Äܸ´ºÏ£ºÒ»¸ö´ß»¯¼Áͬʱ¾ß±¸ÑÓ³ÙÄý½º¡¢ÔöÇ¿ÅÝÄÇ¿¶È¡¢¸ÄÉÆÅݿ׽ṹµÈ¶àÖØ¹¦ÄÜ¡£
- ¸öÐÔ»¯¶¨ÖÆ£º¸ù¾Ý²»Í¬¿Í»§µÄÐèÇó£¬Ìṩ¶¨ÖÆ»¯µÄ´ß»¯¼ÁÅä·½¡£
- ÂÌÉ«°²È«»¯£º½øÒ»²½½µµÍÖØ½ðÊôº¬Á¿£¬¿ª·¢¿É½µ½â¡¢¿É»ØÊյĻ·±£ÐÍ´ß»¯¼Á¡£
Æß¡¢½áβÓ´ß»¯¼ÁËäС£¬×÷Óò»Ð¡
ÑÓ³ÙÄý½º´ß»¯¼Á£¬ËäȻֻÊǾ۰±õ¥ÅÝÄÅä·½ÖеÄһС²¿·Ö£¬µ«ËüÈ´ÊǾö¶¨ÅÝÄÖÊÁ¿µÄ¹Ø¼üÒòËØÖ®Ò»¡£Ëü¾ÍÏñÒ»¸ö¡°Ê±¼äÕÆ¿ØÕß¡±£¬È÷¢ÅݺÍÄý½ºÕâÁ½¸ö¡°ÐÔ¸ñåÄÒ족µÄ·´Ó¦£¬ÔÚºÏÊʵÄʱ»úÎÕÊÖÑԺ͡£
Ëæ×ÅÊг¡ÐèÇóµÄ¶àÑù»¯ºÍ¼¼ÊõÊֶεIJ»¶Ï½ø²½£¬ÑÓ³ÙÄý½º´ß»¯¼ÁÕý´Ó¡°Ä»ºó¡±×ßÏò¡°Ç°Ì¨¡±£¬³ÉÎªÍÆ¶¯¾Û°±õ¥ÅÝIJÄÁÏÉý¼¶»»´úµÄÖØÒªÁ¦Á¿¡£
²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×£º
¹úÄÚÎÄÏ×£º
- Íõ½¨¹ú, ÕÅΰ. ¡¶¾Û°±õ¥ÅÝÄËÜÁÏ¡·. »¯Ñ§¹¤Òµ³ö°æÉç, 2021.
- ÀîÃ÷, ³Â·¼. ¡¶¾Û°±õ¥´ß»¯¼ÁÑо¿½øÕ¹¡·. »¯¹¤ÐÂÐͲÄÁÏ, 2022(5): 45-49.
- Öйú¾Û°±õ¥¹¤ÒµÐ»á. ¡¶Öйú¾Û°±õ¥ÐÐÒµ·¢Õ¹±¨¸æ£¨2023£©¡·.
¹úÍâÎÄÏ×£º
- saunders, j.h., frisch, k.c. polyurethanes: chemistry and technology. interscience publishers, 1962.
- g. oertel. polyurethane handbook. hanser publishers, 1994.
- mihai, m., et al. ¡°recent advances in catalysts for polyurethane foams.¡± journal of applied polymer science, 2020, 137(15), 48576.
- h. ulrich. ¡°catalysis in polyurethane chemistry.¡± advances in polymer science, 2018, 282, 1¨C45.
Èç¹ûÄã¾õµÃÕâÆªÎÄÕÂдµÃ»¹ÐУ¬²»·ÁÔÚÅݸöÈÈË®ÔèµÄʱºò£¬ÃþÃþÄã¼ÒµÄÔ¡¸×±£Î²㣬ÏëÏëÀïÃæÊDz»ÊÇÒ²²Ø×Åһλ¡°ÑÓ³ÙÄý½º´ß»¯¼Á¡±Ó¢ÐÛÄØ£¿
====================ÁªÏµÐÅÏ¢=====================
ÁªÏµÈË£º Îâ¾Àí
ÊÖ»úºÅÂ룺 18301903156 (΢ÐÅͬºÅ)
ÁªÏµµç»°£º 021-51691811
¹«Ë¾µØÖ·: ÉϺ£Êб¦É½ÇøäÁÐËÎ÷·258ºÅ
===========================================================
¾Û°±õ¥·ÀˮͿÁÏ´ß»¯¼ÁĿ¼
-
nt cat 680 Äý½ºÐÍ´ß»¯¼Á£¬ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ»·±£ÐͽðÊô¸´ºÏ´ß»¯¼Á£¬²»º¬rohsËùÏÞÖÆµÄ¶àäåÁª¡¢¶àäå¶þÃÑ¡¢Ç¦¡¢¹¯¡¢ïӵȡ¢ÐÁ»ùÎý¡¢¶¡»ùÎý¡¢»ùÎýµÈ¾ÅÀàÓлúÎý»¯ºÏÎÊÊÓÃÓÚ¾Û°±õ¥Æ¤¸ï¡¢Í¿ÁÏ¡¢½ºð¤¼ÁÒÔ¼°¹èÏ𽺵ȡ£
-
nt cat c-14 ¹ã·ºÓ¦ÓÃÓÚ¾Û°±õ¥ÅÝÄ¡¢µ¯ÐÔÌå¡¢½ºð¤¼Á¡¢Ãܷ⽺ºÍÊÒι̻¯Óлú¹èÌåϵ£»
-
nt cat c-15 ÊÊÓÃÓÚ·¼Ïã×åÒìÇèËáõ¥Ë«×é·Ý¾Û°±õ¥½ºð¤¼ÁÌåϵ£¬Öеȴ߻¯»îÐÔ£¬±Èa-14»îÐԵͣ»
-
nt cat c-16 ÊÊÓÃÓÚ·¼Ïã×åÒìÇèËáõ¥Ë«×é·Ý¾Û°±õ¥½ºð¤¼ÁÌåϵ£¬¾ßÓÐÑÓ³Ù×÷ÓúÍÒ»¶¨µÄÄÍË®½âÐÔ£¬×éºÏÁÏ´¢´æÊ±¼ä³¤£»
-
nt cat c-128 ÊÊÓÃÓÚ¾Û°±õ¥Ë«×é·Ý¿ìËٹ̻¯½ºð¤¼ÁÌåϵ£¬ÔÚ¸ÃϵÁд߻¯¼ÁÖд߻¯»îÐÔÇ¿£¬ÌرðÊʺÏÓÃÓÚÖ¬·¾×åÒìÇèËáõ¥Ìåϵ£»
-
nt cat c-129 ÊÊÓÃÓÚ·¼Ïã×åÒìÇèËáõ¥Ë«×é·Ý¾Û°±õ¥½ºð¤¼ÁÌåϵ£¬¾ßÓкÜÇ¿µÄÑÓ³ÙЧ¹û£¬ÓëË®µÄÎȶ¨ÐÔ½ÏÇ¿£»
-
nt cat c-138 ÊÊÓÃÓÚ·¼Ïã×åÒìÇèËáõ¥Ë«×é·Ý¾Û°±õ¥½ºð¤¼ÁÌåϵ£¬Öеȴ߻¯»îÐÔ£¬Á¼ºÃµÄÁ÷¶¯ÐÔºÍÄÍË®½âÐÔ£»
-
nt cat c-154 ÊÊÓÃÓÚÖ¬·¾×åÒìÇèËáõ¥Ë«×é·Ý¾Û°±õ¥½ºð¤¼ÁÌåϵ£¬¾ßÓÐÑÓ³Ù×÷Óã»
-
nt cat c-159 ÊÊÓÃÓÚ·¼Ïã×åÒìÇèËáõ¥Ë«×é·Ý¾Û°±õ¥½ºð¤¼ÁÌåϵ£¬¿ÉÓÃÀ´Ìæ´úa-14£¬Ìí¼ÓÁ¿Îªa-14µÄ50-60%£»
-
nt cat mb20 Äý½ºÐÍ´ß»¯¼Á£¬¿ÉÓÃÓÚÌæ´úÈíÖÊ¿é×´ÅÝÄ¡¢¸ßÃܶÈÈíÖÊÅÝÄ¡¢ÅçÍ¿ÅÝÄ¡¢Î¢¿×ÅÝÄÒÔ¼°Ó²ÖÊÅÝÄÌåϵÖеÄÎý½ðÊô´ß»¯¼Á£¬»îÐÔ±ÈÓлúÎýÏà¶Ô½ÏµÍ£»
-
nt cat t-12 ¶þÔ¹ðËá¶þ¶¡»ùÎý£¬Äý½ºÐÍ´ß»¯¼Á£¬ÊÊÓÃÓÚ¾ÛÃÑÐ͸ßÃܶȽṹÅÝÄ£¬»¹ÓÃÓÚ¾Û°±õ¥Í¿ÁÏ¡¢µ¯ÐÔÌå¡¢½ºð¤¼Á¡¢ÊÒι̻¯¹èÏ𽺵ȣ»
-
nt cat t-125 ÓлúÎýÀàÇ¿Äý½º´ß»¯¼Á£¬ÓëÆäËûµÄ¶þ¶¡»ùÎý´ß»¯¼ÁÏà±È£¬t-125´ß»¯¼Á¶Ô°±»ù¼×Ëáõ¥·´Ó¦¾ßÓиü¸ßµÄ´ß»¯»îÐÔºÍÑ¡ÔñÐÔ£¬¶øÇÒ¸ÄÉÆÁËË®½âÎȶ¨ÐÔ£¬ÊÊÓÃÓÚÓ²Öʾ۰±õ¥ÅçÍ¿ÅÝÄ¡¢Ä£ËÜÅÝļ°caseÓ¦ÓÃÖС£

