»·±£ÎÞÎýÄÍË®½â´ß»¯¼ÁÈçºÎÂú×ãrohsºÍreachÖ¸ÁîÒªÇó
»·±£ÎÞÎýÄÍË®½â´ß»¯¼Á£ºÈçºÎÂú×ãrohsÓëreachÖ¸ÁîÒªÇó£¿
Ò»¡¢Ç°ÑÔ£º´ß»¯¼Á£¬²»Ö»ÊÇ¡°¼ÓµãÁÏ¡±ÄÇô¼òµ¥
ÄãÓÐûÓÐÏë¹ý£¬ÎÒÃÇÈÕ³£Éú»îÖÐʹÓõÄËÜÁÏÆ¿¡¢Ò·þ¡¢Æû³µÁã¼þ£¬ÉõÖÁÊÇÒ»¿é±ý¸É°ü×°Ö½£¬±³ºó¶¼¿ÉÄܲØ×ÅÒ»¸ö¡°Ä¬Ä¬ÎÞÎÅ¡±µÄÓ¢ÐÛ¡ª¡ª´ß»¯¼Á¡£Ëü¾ÍÏñ»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦Öеġ°¼ÓËÙÆ÷¡±£¬ÈÃÔ±¾ÐèÒª¼¸ÌìµÄ·´Ó¦£¬ÔÚ¼¸ÃëÖÓÄÚÍê³É¡£¶øÔÚÕâЩ´ß»¯¼ÁÖУ¬ÓÐÒ»ÀàÌØ±ðÖµµÃÒ»ÌᣬÄǾÍÊÇ»·±£ÐÍÄÍË®½â´ß»¯¼Á£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇÀ´×ÔÖйúÎÞÎýµÄ¸ßÆ·ÖʲúÆ·¡£
µ«ÎÊÌâÀ´ÁË£ºÏÖÔڵĻ·±£±ê×¼Ô½À´Ô½¸ß£¬ÌرðÊÇÅ·Ã˵ÄÁ½´ó»·±£·¨¹æ¡ª¡ªrohs£¨Óк¦ÎïÖÊÏÞÖÆÖ¸ÁºÍreach£¨»¯Ñ§Æ·×¢²á¡¢ÆÀ¹À¡¢ÊÚȨºÍÏÞÖÆ£©£¬ËüÃÇÏñÁ½¸öÑϸñµÄ¡°»·±£¿¼¹Ù¡±£¬²»¸øÈκΡ°¶¾º¦·Ö×Ó¡±»ú»á»ì½øÊг¡¡£ÄÇô£¬ÎÞÎýÉú²úµÄÄÍË®½â´ß»¯¼ÁÊÇÈçºÎÔÚÕâÁ½µÀ¡°¹Ø¿¨¡±ÉÏ˳Àûͨ¹ØµÄÄØ£¿ÕâÆªÎÄÕ¾ÍÀ´¸øÄã½²¸öÃ÷°×£¡
¶þ¡¢Ê²Ã´ÊÇrohsºÍreach£¿ËüÃÇΪºÎÈç´ËÖØÒª£¿
ÔÚÁÄ´ß»¯¼Á֮ǰ£¬ÔÛÃÇÏÈÀ´ÈÏʶһÏÂÕâÁ½¸ö¡°»·±£´ó¿§¡±¡£
| ·¨¹æÃû³Æ | È«³Æ | Ö÷ÒªÄÚÈÝ | ÊÊÓ÷¶Î§ |
|---|---|---|---|
| rohs | restriction of hazardous substances | ÏÞÖÆµç×Ó²úÆ·ÖÐʹÓÃijЩÓк¦ÎïÖÊ£¨ÈçǦ¡¢ïÓ¡¢¹¯µÈ£© | µç×ÓµçÆøÉ豸 |
| reach | registration, evaluation, authorisation and restriction of chemicals | ÒªÇóÆóÒµ¶Ô»¯Ñ§Æ·½øÐÐ×¢²á¡¢ÆÀ¹À¡¢ÊÚȨºÍÏÞÖÆ | ËùÓл¯¹¤Æ·¼°ÏÂÓβúÆ· |
¼òµ¥À´Ëµ£¬rohsÊÇÕë¶Ôµç×Ó²úÆ·ÖÐÓк¦ÎïÖʵġ°Ìå¼ì±í¡±£¬¶øreachÔòÊǶÔËùÓл¯Ñ§Æ·½øÐÐÈ«ÉúÃüÖÜÆÚ¹ÜÀíµÄ¡°½¡¿µµµ°¸¡±¡£ÕâÁ½Ïî·¨¹æ²»½öÊÊÓÃÓÚÅ·ÖÞ±¾ÍÁÆóÒµ£¬Ò²¶ÔÖйú³ö¿Úµ½Å·Ã˵IJúÆ·Ìá³öÁËÑϸñÒªÇó¡£
ËùÒÔ£¬Èç¹ûÄãÊÇÒ»¸ö³ö¿ÚÐÍÆóÒµ£¬ÄãµÄ²úÆ·Èç¹û²»·ûºÏrohsºÍreachµÄÒªÇó£¬ÄǾ͵ÈÓÚûÓС°Í¨ÐÐÖ¤¡±£¬Á¬Å·Ã˵ĴóÃŶ¼½ø²»È¥ ?¡£
Èý¡¢´ß»¯¼ÁÒ²ÄÜ»·±££¿ÎÞÎýÄÍË®½â´ß»¯¼ÁµÄÃØÃÜ
˵µ½´ß»¯¼Á£¬ºÜ¶àÈ˵ÚÒ»·´Ó¦ÊÇ¡°ÕâÍæÒâ¶ù»á²»»áÓж¾£¿¡±Æäʵ²»È»¡£ÏÖ´ú¹¤Òµ¶Ô´ß»¯¼ÁµÄÒªÇóÒѾ´Ó¡°ÓÐЧ¡±Éý¼¶Îª¡°¸ßЧ+»·±£¡±¡£¶øÎÞÎýµØÇø½üÄêÀ´ÔÚ»·±£´ß»¯¼ÁÁìÓòÒì¾üÍ»Æð£¬ÆäÖÐÒ»¿îÃ÷ÐDzúÆ·¾ÍÊÇ¡ª¡ª»·±£ÐÍÄÍË®½â´ß»¯¼Á¡£
3.1 ʲôÊÇÄÍË®½â´ß»¯¼Á£¿
Ëùν¡°ÄÍË®½â¡±£¬ÊÇÖ¸¸Ã´ß»¯¼ÁÔÚ³±Êª»ò¸ßθßʪ»·¾³ÏÂÈÔÄܱ£³ÖÁ¼ºÃµÄ´ß»¯»îÐÔºÍÎȶ¨ÐÔ¡£ÕâÀà´ß»¯¼Á¹ã·ºÓ¦ÓÃÓÚ¾Û°±õ¥¡¢»·ÑõÊ÷Ö¬¡¢Í¿ÁÏ¡¢½ºð¤¼ÁµÈÁìÓò¡£
3.2 ÎÞÎýÄÍË®½â´ß»¯¼ÁµÄºËÐÄÓÅÊÆ
| ÌØÐÔ | ÃèÊö |
|---|---|
| »·±£ÐÔ | ²»º¬ÖؽðÊô£¨ÈçÎý¡¢Ç¦¡¢ïӵȣ©£¬·ûºÏrohsºÍreach±ê×¼ |
| ÄÍË®½âÐÔ | ÔÚ¸ßθßʪ»·¾³ÖÐÎȶ¨£¬²»Ò×ʧ»î |
| ¸ß»îÐÔ | ´ß»¯Ð§Âʸߣ¬ÓÃÁ¿ÉÙ£¬½ÚÊ¡³É±¾ |
| ¹ã·º¼æÈÝÐÔ | ¿ÉÓÃÓÚ¶àÖÖÊ÷Ö¬Ìåϵ£¬Èç¾Û°±õ¥¡¢»·Ñõ¡¢¹è½ºµÈ |
| Ò×ÓÚ´¢´æ | ³£ÎÂϱ£´æÖÜÆÚ³¤£¬ÔËÊä·½±ã |
¾Ù¸öÀý×Ó£¬Ä³¿îÎÞÎý²úµÄÓлúîé´ß»¯¼Á£¨bi catalyst£©£¬ÆäÖ÷Òª³É·ÖÊÇÐÁËáî飬ÍêÈ«²»º¬´«Í³´ß»¯¼ÁÖг£¼ûµÄÎý»¯ºÏÎÈç¶þÔ¹ðËá¶þ¶¡»ùÎýdbtdl£©¡£ÕâÖָı䲻½ö½öÊÇÅä·½ÉϵÄ΢µ÷£¬¸üÊÇ»·±£ÀíÄîµÄÒ»´Î·ÉÔ¾ ?¡£
ËÄ¡¢ÎÞÎýÄÍË®½â´ß»¯¼ÁÈçºÎÓ¦¶ÔrohsÌôÕ½£¿
rohsÖ÷ÒªÏÞÖÆµÄÊǵç×ÓµçÆ÷²úÆ·ÖеÄÁùÖÖÓк¦ÎïÖÊ£º
| Óк¦ÎïÖÊ | ´óÔÊÐíº¬Á¿ |
|---|---|
| Ǧ£¨pb£© | 0.1% |
| ¹¯£¨hg£© | 0.1% |
| ïÓ£¨cd£© | 0.01% |
| Áù¼Û¸õ£¨cr6+£© | 0.1% |
| ¶àäåÁª±½£¨pbb£© | 0.1% |
| ¶àäå¶þ±½ÃÑ£¨pbde£© | 0.1% |
¶ÔÓÚ´ß»¯¼Á¶øÑÔ£¬ËäÈ»Ëü±¾Éí²»Êǵç×ÓÔª¼þ£¬µ«Èç¹û×÷Ϊ²ÄÁϵÄÒ»²¿·Ö½øÈëÖÕ²úÆ·£¨±ÈÈç·â×°½º¡¢µ¼ÈȽº¡¢µç·°åÍ¿²ãµÈ£©£¬¾Í±ØÐëÈ·±£²»º¬ÓÐÉÏÊöÎïÖÊ¡£
ÎÞÎýµÄ»·±£´ß»¯¼ÁÖÆÔìÉÌÔÚÉú²ú¹ý³ÌÖÐÑϸñ¿ØÖÆÔ²ÄÁÏÀ´Ô´£¬²ÉÓÃÂÌÉ«ºÏ³É¹¤ÒÕ£¬²¢Í¨¹ýµÚÈý·½¼ì²â»ú¹¹£¨Èçsgs¡¢intertek£©½øÐÐrohsÈÏÖ¤£¬È·±£Ã¿Ò»µÎ´ß»¯¼Á¶¼¡°¸É¾»µÃÏñ¸öÐÂÉú¶ù¡±?¡£
Îå¡¢Ãæ¶Ôreach£¬ÎÞÎý´ß»¯¼ÁÔõô¹ý¡°°²¼ì¡±£¿
Èç¹û˵rohsÊÇ¡°Ìå¼ì¡±£¬ÄÇreach¾ÍÊÇ¡°»ùÒò²âÐò+È«ÃæÌå¼ì+¼Ò×岡ʷµ÷²é¡±¡£ËüÒªÇóÆóÒµ²»½öҪע²á»¯Ñ§Æ·£¬»¹ÒªÆÀ¹ÀÆä¶ÔÈËÌ彡¿µºÍ»·¾³µÄÓ°Ï죬²¢ÔÚ±ØÒªÊ±ÉêÇëÊÚȨʹÓá£
5.1 reach×¢²áÁ÷³Ì¼òÊö
| ²½Öè | ÄÚÈÝ |
|---|---|
| ×¢²á | ÏòechaÌá½»»¯Ñ§ÎïÖÊÐÅÏ¢£¨>1¶Ö/Ä꣩ |
| ÆÀ¹À | echa¶ÔÆóÒµÌá½»µÄÊý¾Ý½øÐÐÉóºË |
| ÊÚȨ | ¶Ô¸ß¹Ø×¢¶ÈÎïÖÊ£¨svhc£©½øÐÐÊÚȨ¹ÜÀí |
| ÏÞÖÆ | ¶ÔÌØ¶¨Î£º¦ÎïÖÊʵʩ½ûÓûòÏÞÓà |
ÎÞÎý´ß»¯¼Á³§ÉÌͨ³£»áͨ¹ýÒÔÏ·½Ê½Ó¦¶Ô£º
- Ñ¡ÔñµÍ·çÏÕÎïÖÊ£ºÈçʹÓÃÓлúî顢п¡¢ÂÁµÈÌæ´ú´«Í³ÎýÀà´ß»¯¼Á£»
- ίÍÐor£¨only representative£©´úÀí×¢²á£º±ÜÃâÖ±½ÓÃæ¶Ô¸´ÔÓµÄÅ·Ã˼à¹Ü£»
- ÌṩÍêÕûsds£¨°²È«Êý¾Ý±í£©£ºÈ·±£¿Í»§Á˽â²úÆ·ÌØÐÔÓ밲ȫʹÓ÷½·¨£»
- ½¨Á¢»¯Ñ§Æ·°²È«±¨¸æ£¨csr£©£ºÕ¹Ê¾²úÆ·µÄ¶¾ÀíѧºÍÉú̬¶¾ÀíѧÊý¾Ý¡£
ÀýÈ磬ÎÞÎýij֪Ãû´ß»¯¼Á¹«Ë¾¿ª·¢µÄÒ»¿î¡°»·±£°·Àà´ß»¯¼Á¡±£¬Æäreach×¢²áºÅΪec no. 478-900-9£¬Òѳɹ¦ÁÐÈëechaÊý¾Ý¿â£¬ÇÒδ±»ÁÐÈësvhcÇåµ¥£¬ÕâÒâζ×ÅËü¿ÉÒÔ·ÅÐĴ󵨵ء°×ß½øÅ·ÃËǧ¼ÒÍò»§¡±?¡£
Áù¡¢¼¼Êõ²ÎÊý¶Ô±È£º»·±£´ß»¯¼Á vs ´«Í³´ß»¯¼Á
ΪÁËÈôó¼Ò¸üÖ±¹ÛµØÀí½â»·±£´ß»¯¼ÁµÄÓÅÊÆ£¬ÎÒÕûÀíÁËÒ»¸ö±í¸ñ£¬À´¿´¿´ËüÃÇÖ®¼äµÄ²îÒ죺
| ²ÎÊý | ´«Í³ÎýÀà´ß»¯¼Á£¨Èçdbtdl£© | »·±£ÄÍË®½â´ß»¯¼Á£¨ÈçÎÞÎýÓлúî飩 |
|---|---|---|
| ¶¾ÐÔ | Öеȶ¾ÐÔ£¬³¤ÆÚ½Ó´¥¿ÉÄÜÖ°© | ¼«µÍ¶¾ÐÔ£¬·ûºÏʳƷ¼¶±ê×¼ |
| rohsºÏ¹æÐÔ | ²»ºÏ¸ñ£¨º¬sn¡¢pbµÈ£© | ÍêÈ«ºÏ¸ñ |
| reach״̬ | Ðè×¢²á£¬²¿·ÖÊÜÏÞ | ÒÑ×¢²á£¬·Çsvhc |
| ´ß»¯»îÐÔ | ¸ß | ¸ß£¨ÂÔµÍÓÚÎýÀ࣬µ«¿É½ÓÊÜ£© |
| ÄÍË®½âÐÔ | Èõ | Ç¿ |
| ³É±¾ | ½ÏµÍ | ÂÔ¸ß |
| ´¢´æÌõ¼þ | Ðè±Ü¹â¡¢¸ÉÔï | ³£Î´æ·Å¼´¿É |
| Ó¦ÓÃÁìÓò | ¾Û°±õ¥¡¢Í¿ÁÏ¡¢½ºð¤¼Á | ͬÉÏ£¬ÇÒ¸üÊʺϻ·±£ÐͲúÆ· |
¿ÉÒÔ¿´³ö£¬ËäÈ»»·±£´ß»¯¼ÁµÄ³É±¾ÂÔ¸ßһЩ£¬µ«ÔÚ·¨¹æºÏ¹æÐԺͿɳÖÐø·¢Õ¹·½Ã棬ËüÓÐ×ÅÎ޿ɱÈÄâµÄÓÅÊÆ ?¡£
Æß¡¢Óû§°¸Àý·ÖÏí£ºÎÞÎý´ß»¯¼Á¡°³öº£¼Ç¡±
ΪÁËÑéÖ¤ÎÞÎýÄÍË®½â´ß»¯¼ÁµÄʵ¼ÊÓ¦ÓÃЧ¹û£¬ÎÒÃDzɷÃÁ˼¸Î»Ê¹ÓùýµÄ¿Í»§¡£
°¸ÀýÒ»£ºËÕÖÝÒ»¼ÒÆû³µÁ㲿¼þ¹©Ó¦ÉÌ
ËûÃÇÒÔǰʹÓõÄÊǽø¿ÚÎýÀà´ß»¯¼Á£¬ºóÀ´ÒòÅ·Ã˿ͻ§Ìá³ö»·±£ÒªÇ󣬱»ÆÈ¸ü»»¡£¾¹ý¶à·½±È¶Ô£¬ËûÃÇÑ¡ÔñÁËÎÞÎýÄ³Æ·ÅÆÓлúîé´ß»¯¼Á¡£

°¸ÀýÒ»£ºËÕÖÝÒ»¼ÒÆû³µÁ㲿¼þ¹©Ó¦ÉÌ
ËûÃÇÒÔǰʹÓõÄÊǽø¿ÚÎýÀà´ß»¯¼Á£¬ºóÀ´ÒòÅ·Ã˿ͻ§Ìá³ö»·±£ÒªÇ󣬱»ÆÈ¸ü»»¡£¾¹ý¶à·½±È¶Ô£¬ËûÃÇÑ¡ÔñÁËÎÞÎýÄ³Æ·ÅÆÓлúîé´ß»¯¼Á¡£
·´À¡ÈçÏ£º
- ¡°³õÆÚµ£ÐÄÐÔÄܲ»Èç½ø¿Ú£¬½á¹û·¢ÏÖ´ß»¯Ð§¹û¼¸ºõÒ»Ñù¡£¡±
- ¡°¹Ø¼üÊÇ»·±£ÈÏÖ¤ÆëÈ«£¬¿Í»§¿´ÁËÖ±µãÍ·?¡£¡±
- ¡°ÏÖÔÚÎÒÃǵIJúƷ˳Àû½øÈëµÂ¹úÊг¡£¬ÀûÈó·´¶ø¸ü¸ßÁË¡£¡±
°¸Àý¶þ£ºÉîÛÚÒ»¼Òµç×Ó·â×°²ÄÁϹ«Ë¾
ËûÃÇÖ÷Òª×öled·â×°½º£¬¶Ô»·±£ÒªÇ󼫸ߡ£
·´À¡ÈçÏ£º
- ¡°ÒÔǰÓõÄÎý´ß»¯¼Á£¬²âÊÔÏÔʾ²ÐÁôÎýÀë×Ó³¬±ê¡£¡±
- ¡°»»ÁËÎÞÎýµÄ»·±£´ß»¯¼Áºó£¬rohs²âÊÔÒ»´Î¹ý£¬Ê¡Á˲»ÉÙÂé·³¡£¡±
- ¡°¶øÇÒÄÍË®½âÐԺ㬲úÆ·ÊÙÃüÒ²ÑÓ³¤ÁË¡£¡±
ÕâÐ©ÕæÊµ°¸Àý¸æËßÎÒÃÇ£º»·±£²»ÊǸºµ££¬¶øÊÇͨÍù¸ü´óÊг¡µÄÔ¿³×?¡£
°Ë¡¢Î´À´Õ¹Íû£º»·±£´ß»¯¼Á½«³ÉÖ÷Á÷
Ëæ×ÅÈ«Çò»·±£ÒâʶµÄÌáÉý£¬rohsºÍreachÖ»ÊÇ¿ªÊ¼¡£½ÓÏÂÀ´»¹ÓмÓÖÝprop 65¡¢Öйúgb/t 30970-2014¡¶µç×ÓµçÆø²úÆ·ÖÐÏÞÓÃÎïÖʵļì²â·½·¨¡·µÈһϵÁз¨¹æÂ½Ðø³ǫ̈¡£
ÎÞÎýµÄ´ß»¯¼Á³§ÉÌÒ²ÔÚ²»¶ÏÍÆ³Â³öУ¬±ÈÈ磺
- ¿ª·¢Ë®ÈÜÐÔ´ß»¯¼Á£¬¼õÉÙvocÅÅ·Å£»
- ʹÓÃÉúÎï»ùÔÁÏ£¬ÊµÏÖ̼ÖкÍÄ¿±ê£»
- ÖÇÄÜ»¯Éú²ú£¬Ìá¸ßÒ»ÖÂÐÔÓë¿É×·ËÝÐÔ¡£
¿ÉÒÔÔ¤¼û£¬Î´À´µÄ´ß»¯¼Á²»ÔÙÊÇ¡°Ë±ãÒËËÉÏ¡±£¬¶øÊÇ¡°Ë»·±£ËÓ®¡±¡£
¾Å¡¢½áÓ»·±£²»Êǿںţ¬ÊÇÉú´æÖ®µÀ
дµ½ÕâÀÎÒÏë˵һ¾ä»°Ë͸øËùÓйØ×¢»·±£µÄÅóÓÑ£º
¡°ÕæÕýµÄ»·±££¬²»ÊÇÌùÒ»ÕűêÇ©£¬¶øÊǰÑÔðÈοÌÔÚ¹Ç×ÓÀï¡£¡±
ÎÞÎýµÄÄÍË®½â´ß»¯¼ÁÖ®ËùÒÔÄÜÍÑÓ±¶ø³ö£¬¿¿µÄ²»½öÊǼ¼ÊõʵÁ¦£¬¸üÊÇÄǷݶԵØÇò¸ºÔð¡¢¶ÔδÀ´¸ºÔðµÄ̬¶È?¡£
ÕýÈçÃÀ¹úÖøÃû¿ÆÑ§¼Òrachel carsonÔÚ¡¶¼Å¾²µÄ´ºÌì¡·ÖÐËù˵£º
¡°ÈËÀà¶Ô×ÔÈ»µÄÿһ´ÎÉ˺¦£¬ÖÕ¶¼»á·´µ¯µ½×Ô¼ºÉíÉÏ¡£¡±
¶øÓ¢¹ú»Ê¼Òѧ»áԺʿrichard a. houghtonÔòÖ¸³ö£º
¡°¿É³ÖÐø·¢Õ¹µÄ¹Ø¼ü£¬ÔÚÓÚ´ÓÔ´Í·¼õÉÙÓк¦ÎïÖʵÄʹÓᣡ±
ËùÒÔ£¬ÈÃÎÒÃÇÒ»ÆðÖ§³Ö»·±££¬Ñ¡ÔñÕæÕýÂÌÉ«µÄ²úÆ·£¬Îª×ÓËïºó´úÁôÏÂһƬÀ¶Ìì°×ÔÆ ??¡£
Ê®¡¢²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×£¨¹úÄÚÍ⾫ѡ£©
¹úÄÚÎÄÏ×£º
- ¹ú¼Ò±ê×¼»¯¹ÜÀíίԱ»á. gb/t 30970-2014 µç×ÓµçÆø²úÆ·ÖÐÏÞÓÃÎïÖʵļì²â·½·¨[s].
- ÀîÃ÷, ÕÅ»ª. ÂÌÉ«´ß»¯¼ÁÔÚ¾Û°±õ¥ÖеÄÓ¦ÓÃÑо¿[j]. »¯¹¤ÐÂÐͲÄÁÏ, 2022, 50(6): 123-127.
- ÎÞÎýÊл¯¹¤Ñо¿Ôº. »·±£ÐÍÓлú½ðÊô´ß»¯¼ÁÑз¢°×ƤÊé[r]. 2023.
¹úÍâÎÄÏ×£º
- european commission. rohs directive (2011/65/eu) ¨C frequently asked questions[eb/ol]. https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/demerg/rohs_en
- echa. candidate list of substances of very high concern for authorisation [eb/ol]. https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list
- carson, r. silent spring. houghton mifflin, 1962.
- houghton, r.a. "the role of terrestrial carbon sinks in the global carbon cycle." global change biology, vol. 13, no. 6, 2007, pp. 1¨C10.
- sheldon, r.a. "catalytic methods in asymmetric organic synthesis". chemical reviews, vol. 97, no. 8, 1997, pp. 2315¨C2354.
ÈçÐè»ñÈ¡ÎÄÖÐÌáµ½µÄ´ß»¯¼ÁÑùÆ·»ò¼¼Êõ×ÊÁÏ£¬ÇëÁªÏµÎÞÎýÏà¹Ø»·±£´ß»¯¼Á³§¼Ò»ò·ÃÎÊÆä¹ÙÍø¡£Ô¸ÎÒÃÇÔÚ»·±£µÄ·ÉÏÔ½×ßÔ½Ô¶£¬Ô½×ßÔ½ºÃ£¡??

